Article: The Central Mechanisms of Sexual Function
Posted: Sat Jan 21, 2023 10:08 pm
https://www.bumc.bu.edu/sexualmedicine/ ... -function/
An erection is a carefully orchestrated series of events controlled by the CNS. We now know that the penis is under the complete control of the CNS, both during sexual arousal and at rest.
The male sexual response reflects a dynamic balance between exciting and inhibiting forces of the autonomic nervous system within the penis and throughout the CNS. The sympathetic component tends to inhibit erections, whereas the parasympathetic system is one of several excitatory pathways. During arousal, excitatory signals can originate in the brain, either by the sight or thought of an appealing sexual partner or by physical genital stimulation. Regardless of the source of these signals, the excitatory nerves in the penis respond by releasing proerectile neurotransmitters such as nitric oxide and acetylcholine. These chemical messengers signal the smooth muscles of the penile arteries to relax and fill with blood, resulting in an erection. The drug sildenafil works directly on the tissue in the penis to keep muscles relaxed and the vessels engorged.
This discovery may have important implications for people who take drugs that enhance levels of serotonin, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that are used to treat depression and other mental health disorders. These drugs often cause sexual dysfunction as a side effect, most commonly delayed or blocked ejaculation in men and a reduced sexual desire and difficulty reaching orgasm in women. The work by McKenna and Marson helps explain how this common and troublesome SSRI side effect may occur. By increasing levels of serotonin in the CNS, the SSRIs may tighten the brain’s built-in controls on erection, ejaculation, and other sexual functions. Interestingly, however, some recent studies also suggest that the inhibiting effects of the SSRIs may actually be helpful for some patients with other types of sexual dysfunction, such as premature ejaculation or inappropriate or excessive sexual urges.